“In online discussions, this is usually due to someone misreading the headline and not reading the study. Other times, it is due to expectation bias, the human tendency that can cause people to see or experience what they expect, despite the fact that it is not there. Such things are possible because the nature of our perception is constructive. We don’t see the world as it is; our brain constructs a world for us to experience. Because it often does so based on what it expects to be there, we will often literally see just what we expect to see. One can easily read a study and literally see something that is not there.” — David Kyle Johnson Ph.D. https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/logical-take/202007/yes-masks-work-debunking-the-pseudoscience